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航空航天緊固件用Ti-6Al-4V鈦合金絲材性能分析

發布時間:2023-08-02 15:51:15 瀏覽次數 :

在航空航天設備中,無論是從數量上來講,還是從范圍上來講,緊固件都無疑是諸多通用零件中使用最多的。然而,我國由于基礎科學研究的滯后,導致航空航天緊固件的質量水平與國外企業對比還存在著較大的差距。鈦及鈦合金材料由于比強度高、耐蝕性好及良好的加工塑性等特點,在航空航天緊固件領域有著較好的發展前景[1]。

1、航空航天緊固件相關內容簡述

緊固件,顧名思義就是起到緊固連接作用的元件,其涉及行業廣泛,屬于基礎性的機械零件。航空航天緊固件是指使用在航空、航天這兩個領域內的緊固件,其主要使用在結構和發動機這兩大組成部分,用在這兩個部分的緊固件主要有螺栓、螺母、鉚釘和抽釘等。

TC4鈦絲

由于航空航天的特殊性,其相較于其它行業,對緊固件的要求更高。主要有以下五點內容。一、就是航空航天用緊固件的螺紋主要采用MJ或UNJ兩種形制。二就是緊固件中 的螺母和螺栓這兩大類依據強度和溫度進行了一定的分級。三就是航空航天用的緊固件的強度和質量一般都處在一個較高的水準上,其中前者通常大于900MPa,有時甚至可達 到1800MPa。四就是其精度要求較高,同時對其一致性和可靠性有相當高的要求。最后一點也是比較明顯的一點,就是其所面臨的環境較復雜,因此其需要具備很好的適應性。

在實際的使用過程中,航空航天用的緊固件常常存在氫脆、電化學腐蝕等質量上的問題。立足于此,再結合上述航空航天用緊固件的特點,在選用時,就要從強度、剛度、螺 紋、重量、涂鍍層等方面來綜合考慮,確保其在上述的各個方面均達到相應的要求。

2、航空航天緊固件用Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材性能分析

2.1Ti-6Al-4V合金簡介

當前用作航空航天緊固件材料的鈦合金主要有三類,即Ti-6Al-4V類的低Mo當量的α-β型兩相合金、TB2類的亞穩定β合金和BT16類的亞臨界成分的α-β型兩相合金,這三者各有優缺點,綜合來說,前者各方面優勢較多,因而是當前我國在航空航天緊固件領域中主要使用的材料[2]。不同的熱處理工藝,會影響Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材的性能。

2.2實驗

實驗材料:退火態,直徑為4.8mm的Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材。

實驗設備:氣氛保護爐和真空爐。

研究對象:不同固溶溫度、時效溫度下Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材的力學性能。

實驗過程:實驗主要是固溶+時效熱處理工藝。實驗安排見表1。

b1.jpg

合金絲材拉伸試驗結果見表2、表3、圖1和圖2。

b3-t2.jpg

2.3實驗分析

由上述圖表可知,經過固溶和時效熱處理后的Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材,在不同固溶溫度下,Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材的抗拉強度和延伸率有一定的變化,斷面收縮率的變化不大。總體來說,試樣固溶處理溫度處在935℃和965℃時,抗拉強度較好;試樣固溶處理溫度處在905℃和935℃時,延伸率較好。

在不同的時效溫度下,Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材的抗拉強度、延伸率和斷面收縮率都有著比較大的變化。其中隨著時效溫度的升高,抗拉強度逐漸下降。而在500℃以上時,時效溫度與延伸率和斷面收縮率為正比關系。

3、結語

為了提升產品的機械性能,就要不斷的開發新材料和新工藝,特別是針對緊固件的研究和開發。鈦及鈦合金由于其優良的性能,逐漸被大量的應用到航空航天領域中。在這個 過程中,Ti-6Al-4V鈦合金絲材因其綜合性能較好,而成為國內緊固件企業主要的研究方向。 在不同的熱處理工藝下,Ti-6Al-4V合金絲材的力學性能隨之相應的變化。總的來說,需要針對產品的用途來選擇熱處理工藝。

參考文獻:

[1]董洪波,王高潮,李愛萍.時效溫度對Ti-6Al-4V合金組織性能的影響[J].材料熱處理學報,2011,32(1):1-4.

[2]張慶玲,王慶如,李興無.航空用鈦合金緊固件選材分析[J].材料工程,2007(1):11-14.

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